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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク History of Bashkortostan ： ウィキペディア英語版 History of Bashkortostan The history of Bashkortostan or Bashkiria covers the region in and around the Southern Urals, historically inhabited by Bashkirs. The region has been known by several names, including ''al-Bashgird'', ''Bashgirdia'', ''Bascardia'', ''Fiyafi Bashqyrt'' (The Bashqyrt steppes), ''Pascatir'' and similar variants. As with previous names, the modern federal subject of Bashkortostan was named after the native Bashkir people. ==Early history== The first settlements in the territory of modern Bashkortostan were set up in the early Paleolithic period. Major expansion, however, occurred during the Bronze Age with the arrival of people from the Abashevo culture. They possessed skills in manufacturing bronze tools, weapons and decorations and they were the first to establish permanent settlements in the region. The ethnonym ''Bashkirs'' first became known in the 9th century. According to Ibn Ruste, the Bashkirs were "an independent people, occupying territories on both sides of the Ural mountain ridge between Volga, Kama, Tobol and upstream of Yaik river". The earliest source to give a geographical description of the territory is Mahmud al-Kashgari's ''Divanu Lugat’it Turk'' (1072–1074) which includes a map with a charted region called ''Fiyafi Bashqyrt'' (The Bashkir Steppes).〔Умняков И. И. Самая старая турецкая карта мира. Труды Самаркандского государственного педагогического института. 1940. Т.1, вып.1. с. 103—131 〕 Despite a lack of much geographic detail, the sketch map does indicate that the Bashkirs inhabited a territory bordering on the Caspian Sea and the Volga valley in the West, the Ural Mountains in the North-West, and the Irtysh valley in the East, thus giving a rough estimate of the area. Even earlier, in the 10th century, Ahmad ibn Fadlan mentions "the country ''al-Bashgird''" in his itinerary and enumerates the rivers he had to cross during his trip.〔Путешествие Ибн-Фадлана на Волгу. М.; Л., 1939. С. 66.; (Ибн-Фадлан Ibn-Fadlan’s Volga trip report )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Bashkortostan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.